Each lot of this antibody is quality control tested by immunofluorescent staining with flow cytometric analysis. For flow cytometric staining, the suggested use of this reagent is 5 ?l per million cells in 100 ?l staining volume or 5 ?l per 100 ?l of whole blood.

* Alexa Fluor? 700 has a maximum emission of 719 nm when it is excited at 633 nm / 635 nm. Prior to using Alexa Fluor? 700 conjugate for flow cytometric analysis, please verify your flow cytometer's capability of exciting and detecting the fluorochrome.

Clone WM59 has been reported to recognize the D2 extracellular portion of CD31.

Additional reported applications (for the relevant formats) include: immunofluorescence microscopy², immunohistochemical staining of acetone-fixed frozen tissue sections⁸,?blocking of platelet aggregation³, and spatial biology (IBEX)^11,12. Clone WM59 is not recommended for immunohistochemical staining of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded sections. The Ultra-LEAF? purified antibody (Endotoxin < 0.01 EU/?g, Azide-Free, 0.2 ?m filtered) is recommended for functional assays (Cat. No. 303143 & 303144).

The purified WM59 antibody is useful as a capture antibody for a sandwich ELISA assay, when used in conjunction with biotin anti-human CD31 antibody (Cat. No. 536604) antibody as the detection antibody.

Iterative Bleaching Extended multi-pleXity (IBEX) is a fluorescent imaging technique capable of highly-multiplexed spatial analysis. The method relies on cyclical bleaching of panels of fluorescent antibodies in order to image and analyze many markers over multiple cycles of staining, imaging, and, bleaching. It is a community-developed open-access method developed by the Center for Advanced Tissue Imaging (CAT-I) in the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID, NIH).

1. Schlossman S, et al. Eds. 1995. Leucocyte Typing V Oxford University Press. New York.
2. Muczynski KA, et al. 2003. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 14:1336. (IF)
3. Wu XW, et al. 1997. Arterioscl. Throm. Vas. 17:3154. (Block)
4. Nagano M, et al. 2007. Blood 110:151. (FC) PubMed
5. MacFadyen JR, et al. 2005. FEBS Lett. 579:2569. PubMed
6. Yoshino N, et al. 2000. Exp. Anim. (Tokyo) 49:97. (FC)
7. Sestak K, et al. 2007. Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. 119:21.
8. Wicki A, et al. 2012. Clin. Cancer Res. 18:454. (FC, IHC) PubMed
9. Oeztuerk-Winder F, et al. 2012. EMBO J. 31:3431. (FC) PubMed
10. Bushway ME, et al. 2014. Biol Reprod. 90(5): 110 (IF) PubMed
11. Radtke AJ,?et al. 2020.?Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 117:33455-33465. (SB)?PubMed
12. Radtke AJ,?et al. 2022.?Nat Protoc. 17:378-401. (SB)?PubMed

Monocytes, platelets, granulocytes, endothelial cells, lymphocyte subset

1. DeLisser H, et al. 1994. Immunol. Today 15:490.
2. Newman P, 1997. J. Clin. Invest. 99:3.
3. Fawcett J, et al. 1995. J. Cell Biol. 128:1229.