Each lot of this antibody is quality control tested by immunofluorescent staining with flow cytometric analysis. For flow cytometric staining, the suggested use of this reagent is ≤ 1.0 ?g per million cells in 100 ?L?volume or 100 ?L?of whole blood.? It is recommended that the reagent be titrated for optimal performance for each application.

Additional reported applications (for the relevant formats) include: immunofluorescence⁴, blocking^6,7,8,9, and immunohistochemistry of acetone-fixed frozen sections^{4, 11}. The LEAF? purified antibody (Endotoxin <0.1 EU/?g, Azide-Free, 0.2 ?m filtered) is recommended for functional assays (Cat. No. 124303). For highly sensitive assays, we recommend Ultra-LEAF? purified antibody (Cat. No. 124318) with a lower endotoxin limit than standard LEAF? purified antibodies (Endotoxin <0.01 EU/?g).

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3. Scarlett UK, et al. 2012. J Exp Med. 209:495. PubMed
4. Grabie N, et al. 2007. Circulation 116:2062. (IF, IHC)
5. Paterson AM, et al. 2011. J. Immunol. 187:1097.
6. Channappanavar R, et al. 2012. PLoS One 7:e39757. (Block)
7. Schreiber HA, et al. 2010. PLoS One 5:e11453. (Block) PubMed
8. Muthumani K, et al. 2011. J. Immunol. 187:2932. (Block) PubMed
9. Cripps JG, et al. 2010. Hepatology 52:1350. (Block) PubMed
10. Murakami R, et al. 2013. PLoS One. 8:73270. PubMed
11. Riella LV, et al. 2011. Am. J. Transplant 11:832-40. (IHC)
12. Lei GS, et al. 2015. Infect Immun. 83:572. PubMed

1. Muthumani K, et al. 2012. J Immunol. 187:2932. PubMed
2. Dagkonaki A, et al. 2022. Front Immunol. 13:972003. PubMed
3. Bonamichi-Santos R, et al. 2021. Front Immunol. 12:655958. PubMed
4. Cripps J, et al. 2010. Hepatology. 52:1350. PubMed

T cells, B cells, NK cells, dendritic cells, IFN-γ activated endothelial cells, and monocytes

1. Sharpe A, et al. 2007. Nat. Immunol. 8:239.
2. Dong H, et al. 1999. Nat. Med. 5:1365.
3. Freeman G, et al. 2000. J. Exp. Med. 192:1027.