Each lot of this antibody is quality control tested by immunofluorescent staining with flow cytometric analysis. For flow cytometric staining, the suggested use of this reagent is ≤1.0 ?g per million cells in 100 ?l volume. It is recommended that the reagent be titrated for optimal performance for each application.

Additional reported applications (for the relevant formats) include: in vitro and in vivo blocking of ligand binding^1,2. For most successful immunofluorescent staining results, it may be important to maximize signal over background by using a relatively bright fluorochrome-antibody conjugate (Cat. No. 107405) or by using a high sensitivity, three-layer staining technique (e.g., including a biotinylated antibody (Cat. No. 107404) or biotinylated anti-rat IgG second step (Cat. No. 405402), followed by SAv-PE (Cat. No. 405204)). The LEAF? purified antibody (Endotoxin <0.1 EU/?g, Azide-Free, 0.2 ?m filtered) is recommended for functional assays (Cat. No. 107408). For in vivo studies or highly sensitive assays, we recommend Ultra-LEAF? purified antibody (Cat. No. 107410) with a lower endotoxin limit than standard LEAF? purified antibodies (Endotoxin <0.01 EU/?g).

1. Iwai H, et al. 2003. J. Immunol. 171:2848. (Block)
2. Kohyama M, et al. 2004. P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 101:4192. (Block)
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4. del Rio ML, et al. 2011. Transpl. Int. 24:501. (FC) PubMed

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Isoform 1 has highest expression in lymphoid tissues, splenic B-cells, T-cells, dendritic cells and macrophages; lower levels in many non-lymphoid tissues. The expression of isoform 2 is restricted to heart, spleen, and kidney.

1. Yoshinaga SK, et al. 1999. Nature 402:827.
2. Ling V, et al. 2000. J. Immunol. 164:1653.
3. Ling V, et al. 2001. J. Immunol. 164:1653.