Each lot of this antibody is quality control tested by immunofluorescent staining with flow cytometric analysis. For flow cytometric staining, the suggested use of this reagent is 5 ?l per million cells in 100 ?l staining volume or 5 ?l per 100 ?l of whole blood.

* Pacific Blue? has a maximum emission of 455 nm when it is excited at 405 nm. Prior to using Pacific Blue? conjugate for flow cytometric analysis, please verify your flow cytometer's capability of exciting and detecting the fluorochrome.

Clone 3.9 preferentially binds the activated form of CD11c, is specific for the I domain of CD11c, and is able to partially block the binding of CD11c and ICAM-4. 3.9 binding is divalent cation dependent¹². While analyzing blood, it is best to use heparin as the anti-coagulant and not EDTA. Since the ability of clone 3.9 to bind to its target is divalent cation dependent, the usage of EDTA as an anti-coagulant may be detrimental to staining due to its chelating properties.

Additional reported applications (for the relevant formats) include: immunohistochemical staining of acetone-fixed frozen tissue sections⁴, and functional assays^5,6. The LEAF? purified antibody (Endotoxin <0.1 EU/μg, Azide-Free, 0.2 μm filtered) is recommended for functional assays (Cat. No. 301616). For highly sensitive assays, we recommend Ultra-LEAF? purified antibody (Cat. No. 301632) with a lower endotoxin limit than standard LEAF? purified antibodies (Endotoxin <0.01 EU/?g).

1. Schlossman S, et al. Eds. 1995. Leucocyte Typing V. Oxford University Press. New York.
2. Knapp W, et al. 1989. Leucocyte Typing IV Oxford University Press. New York.
3. McMichael A, et al. Eds. 1987. Leucocyte Typing III Oxford University Press. New York.
4. Vainer B, et al. 2000. Am. J. Surg. Pathol. 24:1115. (IHC)
5. Ottonello L, et al. 1999. Blood 93:3505.
6. Metelitsa LS, et al. 2002. Blood 99:4166.
7. Sadhu C, et al. 2007. J. Leukoc. Biol. doi:10.1189/jlb.1106680. PubMed
8. Ihanus E, et al. 2007. Blood 109:802-810.
9. Gurer C, et al. 2008. Blood 112:1231. PubMed
10. Asai A, et al. 2009. J. Lipid Res. 50:95. PubMed
11. Yoshino N, et al. 2000. Exp. Anim. (Tokyo) 49:97. (FC)
12. Sadhu C, et al. 2008. J. Immunoass. Immunoch. 29:42. (FC)

1. Frasca D, et al. 2019. PLoS One. 14:e0219545. PubMed
2. Kasper M, et al. 2021. Elife. 10:. PubMed
3. Zhang D, et al. 2020. Oncoimmunology. 9:1744921. PubMed
4. Cavarelli M, et al. 2022. iScience. 25:104346. PubMed
5. Martín–Gayo E, et al. 2020. Cell Rep. 30:984. PubMed
6. Frasca D, et al. 2021. Front Immunol. 616650:12. PubMed
7. Frasca D, et al. 2018. PLoS One. 13:e0197472. PubMed
8. Huizinga R, et al. 2013. J Immunol. 191:5636. PubMed

Myeloid, dendritic cells, NK cells, B cells and T cell subsets

1. Petty H. 1996. Immunol. Today 17:209.
2. Springer T. 1994. Cell 76:301.
3. Ihanus E, et al. 2007. Blood 109:802-810.