Each lot of this antibody is quality control tested by immunofluorescent staining with flow cytometric analysis.
For test sizes, the suggested use of this reagent for immunofluorescent staining is 5 ?l per million cells in 100 ?l staining volume or 5 ?l per 100 ?l of whole blood.
For ?g size, the suggested use of this reagent for immunofluorescent staining is ≤2 ?g per 10⁶ cells in 100 ?l volume or 100 ?l of whole blood.
It is recommended that the reagent be titrated for optimal performance for each application.
* Alexa Fluor? 647 has a maximum emission of 668 nm when it is excited at 633nm / 635nm.

Clone 3.9 preferentially binds the activated form of CD11c, is specific for the I domain of CD11c, and is able to partially block the binding of CD11c and ICAM-4. 3.9 binding is divalent cation dependent¹². While analyzing blood, it is best to use heparin as the anti-coagulant and not EDTA. Since the ability of clone 3.9 to bind to its target is divalent cation dependent, the usage of EDTA as an anti-coagulant may be detrimental to staining due to its chelating properties.

Additional reported applications (for the relevant formats) include: immunohistochemical staining of acetone-fixed frozen tissue sections⁴, and functional assays^5,6. The LEAF? purified antibody (Endotoxin <0.1 EU/μg, Azide-Free, 0.2 μm filtered) is recommended for functional assays (Cat. No. 301616). For highly sensitive assays, we recommend Ultra-LEAF? purified antibody (Cat. No. 301632) with a lower endotoxin limit than standard LEAF? purified antibodies (Endotoxin <0.01 EU/?g).

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11. Yoshino N, et al. 2000. Exp. Anim. (Tokyo) 49:97. (FC)
12. Sadhu C, et al. 2008. J. Immunoass. Immunoch. 29:42. (FC)

1. Murakami T, et al. 2018. Nat Commun. 9:2436. PubMed
2. Sándor N, et al. 2013. Immunobiology. 218:652. PubMed
3. Bristol JA, et al. 2022. PLoS Pathog. 18:e1010453. PubMed
4. Paulson K, et al. 2010. Circ Res. 106:383. PubMed
5. Sprokholt J,et al. 2017. PLoS One. 10.1371/journal.pone.0185580. PubMed
6. Mysore V, et al. 2021. Med (N Y). 2:1050. PubMed

Myeloid, dendritic cells, NK cells, B cells and T cell subsets

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3. Ihanus E, et al. 2007. Blood 109:802-810.