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使用目的：

本试剂盒用于测定血清、血浆及相关液体样本中的指标含量。

实验原理

本试剂盒应用双抗体夹心法测定标本中指标水平。用纯化的抗体包被微孔板，制成固相抗体，与HRP标记的抗体结合，形成抗体-抗原-酶标抗体复合物，经过彻底洗涤后加底物TMB显色。TMB在HRP酶的催化下转化成蓝色，并在酸的作用下转化成最终的黄色。颜色的深浅和样品中的指标呈正相关。用酶标仪在450nm波长下测定吸光度（OD值），通过标准曲线计算浓度。

试剂盒组成

1	30倍浓缩洗涤液	20ml×1瓶	7	终止液	6ml×1瓶
2	酶标试剂	6ml×1瓶	8	标准品	0.5ml×1瓶
3	酶标包被板	12孔×8条	9	标准品稀释液	1.5ml×1瓶
4	样品稀释液	6ml×1瓶	10	说明书	1份
5	显色剂A液	6ml×1瓶	11	封板膜	2张
6	显色剂B液	6ml×1/瓶	12	密封袋	1个

操作步骤

1. 标准品的稀释：本试剂盒提供原倍标准品一支，用户可在小试管中进行稀释。

2. 加样：分别设空白孔（空白对照孔不加样品及酶标试剂，其余各步操作相同）、标准孔、待测样品孔。在酶标包被板上标准品准确加样50μl，待测样品孔中先加样品稀释液40μl，然后再加待测样品10μl（样品最终稀释度为5倍）。加样将样品加于酶标板孔底部，尽量不触及孔壁，轻轻晃动混匀。

3. 温育：用封板膜封板后置37℃温育30分钟。   

4. 配液：将30倍浓缩洗涤液用蒸馏水30倍稀释后备用

5. 洗涤：小心揭掉封板膜，弃去液体，甩干，每孔加满洗涤液，静置30秒后弃去，如此重复5次，拍干。

6. 加酶：每孔加入酶标试剂50μl，空白孔除外。

7. 温育：操作同3。

8. 洗涤：操作同5。

9. 显色：每孔先加入显色剂A50μl，再加入显色剂B50μl，轻轻震荡混匀，37℃避光显色10分钟.

10. 终止：每孔加终止液50μl，终止反应（此时蓝色立转黄色）。

11. 测定：以空白孔调零，450nm波长依序测量各孔的吸光度（OD值）。 测定应在加终止液后15分钟以内进行。

文献参考：

 文章标题：Luteolin enhances drug chemosensitivity by downregulating the FAK/PI3K/AKT pathway in paclitaxel‑resistant esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

作者列表：Zhenzhen Yang, Hongtao Liu, Yinsen Song, Na Gao, Pan Gao, Yiran Hui, Yueheng Li, Tianli Fan

期刊：INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR MEDICINE

影响因子：5.7

DOI:10.3892/ijmm.2024.5401

Abstract

Drug resistance is a key factor underlying the failure of tumor chemotherapy. It enhances the stem‑like cell properties of cancer cells, tumor metastasis and relapse. Luteolin is a natural flavonoid with strong anti‑tumor effects. However, the mechanism(s) by which luteolin protects against paclitaxel (PTX)‑resistant cancer cell remains to be elucidated. The inhibitory effect of luteolin on the proliferation of EC1/PTX and EC1 cells was detected by cell counting kit‑8 assay. Colony formation and flow cytometry assays were used to assess clonogenic capacity, cell cycle and apoptosis. Wound healing and Transwell invasion tests were used to investigate the effects of luteolin on the migration and invasion of EC1/PTX cells. Western blotting was used to detect the protein levels of EMT‑related proteins and stem cell markers after sphere formation. Parental cells and drug‑resistant cells were screened by high‑throughput sequencing to detect the differential expression of RNA and differential genes. ELISA and western blotting were used to verify the screened PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, key proteins of which were explored by molecular docking. Hematoxylin and eosin staining and TUNEL staining were used to observe tumor xenografts on morphology and apoptosis in nude mice. The present study found that luteolin inhibited tumor resistance (inhibited proliferation, induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis and hindered migration invasion, EMT and stem cell spherification) in vitro in PTX‑resistant esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cells. In addition, luteolin enhanced drug sensitivity and promoted the apoptosis of drug‑resistant ESCC cells in combination with PTX. Mechanistically, luteolin may inhibit the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway by binding to the active sites of focal adhesion kinase (FAK), Src and AKT. Notably, luteolin lowered the tumorigenic potential of PTX‑resistant ESCC cells but did not show significant toxicity in vivo. Luteolin enhanced drug chemosensitivity by downregulating the FAK/PI3K/AKT pathway in PTX‑resistant ESCC and could be a promising agent for the treatment of PTX‑resistant ESCC cancers.